Effect of 12 weeks life-style activity modification [LAM] on adiponectin gene expression and plasma adiponectin in obese men

Central obesity down regulates adiponectin gene expression and plasma adiponectin concentration. The effects of lifestyle activity modification [LAM] training according to Centers for Disease Control [CDC] and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM guidelines on adiponectin gene expression and its secretion in obese people is not well known. The purpose of this study hence was to examine the effects of LAM on adiponectin gene expression and plasma adiponectin in obese men. Sixteen healthy middle aged men [42.06 +/- 6.01 years; mean +/- SD] participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the LAM [n=8] and control group [n=8]. Subjects in the LAM group walked 2 miles for 30 minutes for 4 days for 12 weeks on treadmill according to the CDC and ACSM guidelines. After 12 weeks LAM training, subjects were asked to avoid any high intensity physical activity for a week. The results showed that weight, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percent, central [visceral and subcutaneous] and peripheral subcutaneous fat volume, waist and hip circumstance and waist to hip ratio [WHR] were decreased significantly after 12 weeks in the LAM group, compared to the controls [P<0.05]. After one week detraining, body composition in the training group was maintained and did not change significantly. Also, maximum oxygen uptake, adiponectin gene expression on abdominal and hip subcutaneous adipose tissue were increased significantly in the LAM group compared to controls after 12 weeks [P<0.05]. On the other hand, after 12 weeks LAM training no significant differences were observed in plasma adiponectin and serum high sensitive C reactive protein [hs-CRP], levels between groups, while after one week detraining plasma adiponectin and serum hs-CRP levels were significantly increased and decreased respectively [P<0.05]. Although, twelve weeks LAM training improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiponectine gene expression in obese men, but the intensity and time of these exercises are not enough to increase plasma adiponectin and hs-CRP reduction

relationship between patient, parent and orthodontic treatment need and demand in 17-year-old students residing in Abade/Iran

The planning of orthodontic treatment within a public health system requires information on the orthodontic treatment needs of the population. The aims of this study were to assess the student, parent and clinician normative need and demand for orthodontic treatment in a sample of Iranian students using the IOTN and to compare the treatment need levels according to sex and socio-economic status of the students and parents in urban and rural areas. A sample of 427, 17-year-old students was selected randomly from schools in Abade. A questionnaire of family socioeconomic status was proposed to the parents. All the students were examined according to the Aesthetic and Dental Health components [AC and DHC] of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Students' and parents' perceived need was also assessed using AC. According to DHC classification, 18.7% of the students were in the "no need"; 35.6% in the "border line" and 45.7% in the "definite need" groups. The same categories for students assessed by the dentist were 66%, 30.2% and 3.7% respectively. AC assessment by students and parents entitled even more students in "no need" category. Sex and family income were the major factors in predicting orthodontic treatment demand [P<0.05]. Orthodontic demand was highly related to the AC score and this component is of more value in predicting students demand instead of DHC

[Evaluation of canal curvature preservation in molar teeth prepared at endodontic department of dental school, during a five years period [2000-2004]]

Preserving canal curvature during different phases of canal preparation is an important point. In Endodontic therapy all efforts are made to prepare canal in a way that final canal follows the primary canal curvature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of root canal preparation performed by students at Endodontic Department of Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this retrospective study, classic method of step- back technique was investigated for preserving canal curvature in mesial roots of first mandibular molars and mesiobuccal roots of first maxillary molars between years 2000 and 2004. A randomly selected sample of 400 dental patient records was investigated by 4 observers [Endodontic department professors], searching for procedural errors. A clear explanation sheet of curvature preservation and procedural errors such as ledge formation, apical foramen transportation, zipping and stripping and a questionnaire were prepared for observers. The observers went through reliability test and kappa value for agreement between every two observers. The results were above 0.8. Data were analyzed by EPI6 statistical computer program, using Chi-Square and Fisher exact test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. This study consisted of 152 first maxillary molars and 248 first mandibular molars. The prevalence of curvature preservation in mesial root of first mandibular molars and mesiobuccal root of first maxillary molars were 38.5% and 47.6% respectively. Procedural errors detected consisted of 33% ledge formation, 26.1% apical foramen transportation, 1.8% zipping and 4.1% stripping for mesial root of the first mandibular molars. The results for the first maxillary molars were 27%, 19%, 3.2% and 3.2% respectively. The study results revealed the efficacy of endodontic education and the proficiency of junior and senior students in preparing curved posterior root canals. The results obtained in this retrospective study are comparable to prospective studies